Abstract
Up to the 18th century, there was little knowledge of the geography of Deep South, as the terrain was under the control of native kingdoms. To westerners, the maps depicting the physiography of South India were based on tradition and tales of mariners and travelers. This information was passed from generation to generation. But in-depth details on landscapes are mainly confined to coastal terrains and their hinterlands. French geographers put forward considerable information in this regard. The Dutch cartographers in the 16th and 17th centuries made the earliest maps of the Deep South. Two among them are prominent.
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References
2. Historical Records of the Survey of India published by the Order of Surveyor General of India, Dehradun, 1945, p.238
3. Ibid., p.246
4. Father Bouchet was born in France on April 12, 1655. He became a novice in the Society of Jesus on October 1, 1670. He came to India in 1688.
5. Historical Records of the Survey of India, op.cit., p.331
6. Ibid., p.87
7. K Sivasankaran Nair, Keralam Oru Lanthakkarante Dhrishtiyil (mal.), State Institute of Languages, Thiruvananthapuram, 2005, p.12
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9. Historical Records of the Survey of India, op.cit., p.239
10. Ibid., p.95
11. Colonel William Fullarton was a Scottish soldier, statesman, agriculturalist and author and an intimate friend of Mackenzie. Later he became a member of the House of Commons between 1779 and 1803.
12. Historical Records of the Survey of India, op.cit., p.343
13. Ibid., p.99
14. Prema Kasturi& Chithra Madhavan(eds.), South India Heritage, An Introduction, East West Books, Chennai, 2005, p.173
15. Pandit Sunderlal, How India Lost Her Freedom, Sage Publications, New Delhi, 2018, p.357
16. Historical Records of the Survey of India, op.cit., p.232
17. Abercromby was a British army officer, administrator, and Governor of Bombay from 1790 to 1792.
18. John Sartorius was born in 1740 and died in 1801. From 1792, he was in charge of the defense works and survey of frontiers in Malabar till his death.
19. S R Ashton, British Policy Towards the Indian States, 1905- 1939, Curzon Press, London, 1982, p.19
20. Mahesh Rangarajan& K Sivaramakrishnan(eds.), India’s Environmental History, Colonialism, Modernity and the Nation, Permanent Black, New Delhi, 2012, p.95
21. Patrick Ross was appointed as the Chief Engineer at Madras on 15 September 1770
22. Michael Topping was a British maritime surveyor. He was appointed to the post of Survey Chief by the East India Company.
23. Colonel Colin Mackenzie was a Scottish army officer in the British East India Company. He later became the first Surveyor General of India.
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