Abstract
A new era began in the history of Travancore with the reign of Marthanda Varma. Ascending the throne in 1729, he faced significant challenges from various powerful factions within the state. However, he successfully subdued these feudal elements, achieved the political unification of Travancore, and initiated the modernization of the country. Marthanda Varma introduced several administrative reforms to strengthen Travancore and promote the welfare of its people. He established a strong, centralized administrative system. To ensure fiscal control, a dedicated budget was allotted to each department. Furthermore, he systematically classified land into distinct categories: Devaswom, Brahmaswom, Danam, and Pandaravaka.. To strengthen the economy, Marthanda Varma created a commercial division called Mulakumadisheela and set up check-posts to collect import and export duties. Militarily, he fortified the state by constructing forts and palaces, established a standing national army, and arranged for European training of his elite Nair brigades.
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References
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