Abstract
Kerala is bordered on the east by the western ghats, a continuous mountain wall that seperates the state from the tamil plains. breaks in this mountain chains called mountain passes and churams, which have played a crucial role in shaping the history, trade networks, migration, political interactions and cultural exchanges of kerala. Physical geography has played a major role in shaping the socio-political and cultural history of kerala.One of the key factors that distinguishes kerala from other Indian states is its unique geographical features. With the western ghats forming a natural barrier in the east and the Arabian sea stretching along its western coast ,kerala has developed within a distinct physical environment mountains rivers passes ,plains and coastal regions have deeply influenced the lifestyle ,political organization ,trade relations and cultural interactions of the people of kerala.1
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References
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4. A Sreedhara Menon, Kerala Charithram,Kottayam,2025,p.21
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